Ethical Issues Involved in Animal Testing Essay

Ethical Issues Involved in Animal Testing - Essay Example 3). Another argument that contests animal testing is the moral status animals. It was noted that animals’ capacity to feel pleasure or pain equate them to humans in terms of moral status. The arguments on the moral status of animals were discussed extensively in Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. One argument was contended by Kant in his Lectures on Ethics, highlighed as follows: â€Å"we have indirect duties to animals, duties that are not toward them, but in regard to them insofar as our treatment of them can affect our duties to persons† (Kant, 1997, p. 240). Animal Testing is Ethical It has been revealed that the argument for or against animal testing actually stemmed from the views of philosophers (Mukerjee, 1997). As disclosed, Peter Singer, an Australian philosopher and a writer of Animal Liberation, allegedly supported the utilitarian theory which espoused that â€Å"in all decisions the total amount of good that results—human and animal—should be weighed against the suffering—human and animal—caused in the process. Not that to him the interests of humans and animals have equal weight: life is of far greater value to a human than, for example, to a creature with no self-awareness† (Mukerjee, 1997, p. 87). Apparently, the philosophy of utilitarianism was identified with John Stuart Mill, who espoused that â€Å"in any given situation the right action would be the action that tended to minimize the suffering and pain, and maximize the pleasure and happiness, of all interested parties. He further thought that the suffering, pain, pleasure and happiness of animals should be included in this calculus† (Branham, 2005,... It has been revealed that the argument for or against animal testing actually stemmed from the views of philosophers (Mukerjee, 1997). As disclosed, Peter Singer, an Australian philosopher and a writer of Animal Liberation, allegedly supported the utilitarian theory which espoused that â€Å"in all decisions the total amount of good that results—human and animal—should be weighed against the suffering—human and animal—caused in the process. Not that to him the interests of humans and animals have equal weight: life is of far greater value to a human than, for example, to a creature with no self-awareness† (Mukerjee, 1997, p. 87). Apparently, the philosophy of utilitarianism was identified with John Stuart Mill, who espoused that â€Å"in any given situation the right action would be the action that tended to minimize the suffering and pain, and maximize the pleasure and happiness, of all interested parties.   He further thought that the suffering , pain, pleasure and happiness of animals should be included in this calculus† (Branham, 2005, par. 2).  To refute Regan’s assertions that animals have rights, philosophers and researchers, such as Carl Cohen.   The Moral Significance of Animals' Moral Claims, 2010, par. 12). This assertion was likewise supported by Festing and Wilkinson that â€Å"the use of animals in research can be ethically and morally justified. The benefits of animal research have been enormous and it would have severe consequences for public health and medical research if it were abandoned† (Festing & Wilkinson, 2007, p. 1).

ETHICS (Nietzsche, Daly, and Beauvoir) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ETHICS (Nietzsche, Daly, and Beauvoir) - Essay Example These traditions are nihilistic in the sense that they deny an actual life as the will to power. In additions, they create a moral of order of evil and good that applies to everyone in spite of individual differences. In this sense, evil is what contains harm to the masses. Nietzsche, therefore, explains that the salve morality pushes an individual to condemn one’s strengths and ignore one’s basic instincts. Master morality is the savior for the individual suffering under the yokes of slave morality. Nietzsche explains master morality as having the control over one’s own will to power (Nietzsche 116). This means ignoring the will of the absolutist world thereby living according to one’s personality and instincts. Master morality means egoism that devotes to self-elevation. The self becomes the center of life and it deserves glorification and constant nurturing. In this sense, the only good thing is that that enhances the feeling of power in a person. Master morality supersedes the traditional definition of the good and the evil. The death of god seeks to detach the person from the mystical world. It is crucial to highlight that Nietzsche supreme view of concrete life guides most of his philosophical thoughts, including the death of god. The philosopher points out to an invalid eternal world and highlights the demise of subjective values that have unfortunately become the mode of contemporary life. This is not necessarily an act of contempt towards the idea of Supreme Being, but it seeks to liberate the individual from delusions. An individual becomes free to articulate one’s life according to individually set morals. This is a path to fulfillment since a person commits to the life that one sees rather than be detained by a moral order that is inconsistent with the concrete needs of the individual. Transformation from all values refers to redefinition of morality to suit the individual disposition. It involves detaching oneself from